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bpi labs, llc - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection, usp 1 mg/ml  is indicated to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock. emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i), including anaphylaxis, which may result from allergic reactions to insect stings, biting insects, foods, drugs, sera, diagnostic testing substances and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. the signs and symptoms associated with anaphylaxis include flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with hypotension, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, airway swelling, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, pruritus, urticaria or angioedema, swelling of the eyelids, lips, and tongue. none risk summary prolonged experience with epinephrine use in pregnant women over several decades, based on published literature, does not identify a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. however, there are risks to the mother and fetus associated with epinephrine use during labor or delivery (see clinical considerations ). in animal reproduction studies, epinephrine administered by the subcutaneous route to pregnant rabbits, mice, and hamsters, during the period of organogenesis, resulted in adverse developmental effects (including gastroschisis, embryonic lethality, and delayed skeletal ossification) at doses approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (see data ). the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the united states general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk during pregnancy, anaphylaxis can be catastrophic and can lead to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and permanent central nervous system damage or death in the mother and, more commonly, in the fetus or neonate. the prevalence of anaphylaxis occurring during pregnancy is reported to be approximately 3 cases per 100,000 deliveries. management of anaphylaxis during pregnancy is similar to management in the general population. epinephrine is the first line-medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner in pregnant and non-pregnant patients. in conjunction with the administration of epinephrine, the patient should seek immediate medical or hospital care. hypotension associated with septic shock is a medical emergency in pregnancy which can be fatal if left untreated. delaying treatment in pregnant women with hypotension associated with septic shock may increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. life-sustaining therapy for the pregnant woman should not be withheld due to potential concerns regarding the effects of epinephrine on the fetus. labor or delivery epinephrine usually inhibits spontaneous or oxytocin-induced contractions of the pregnant human uterus and may delay the second stage of labor. avoid epinephrine during the second stage of labor. in dosage sufficient to reduce uterine contractions, the drug may cause a prolonged period of uterine atony with hemorrhage. avoid epinephrine in obstetrics when maternal blood pressure exceeds 130/80 mmhg. although epinephrine may improve maternal hypotension associated with septic shock and anaphylaxis, it may result in uterine vasoconstriction, decreased uterine blood flow, and fetal anoxia. data animal data in an embryofetal development study with pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis (on days 3 to 5, 6 to 7, or 7 to 9 of gestation), epinephrine caused teratogenic effects (including gastroschisis) at doses approximately 15 times the maximum recommended intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (on a mg/m2  basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for 2 to 3 days). animals treated on days 6 to 7 had decreased number of implantations. in an embryofetal development study, pregnant mice were administered epinephrine (0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day) on gestation days 6 to 15. teratogenic effects, embryonic lethality, and delays in skeletal ossification were observed at approximately 3 times the maximum recommended intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (on a mg/m2  basis at maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days). these effects were not seen in mice at approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2  basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days). in an embryofetal development study with pregnant hamsters dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 10, epinephrine produced reductions in litter size and delayed skeletal ossification at doses approximately 2 times the maximum recommended intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (on a mg/m2  basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day). risk summary there is no information regarding the presence of epinephrine in human milk or the effects of epinephrine on the breastfed infant or on milk production. however, due to its poor oral bioavailability and short half-life, epinephrine exposure is expected to be very low in the breastfed infant. epinephrine is the first-line medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner for anaphylaxis in breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding patients.  safety and effectiveness of epinephrine in pediatric patients with septic shock have not been established. clinical use data support weight-based dosing for treatment of anaphylaxis in pediatric patients, and other reported clinical experience with the use of epinephrine suggests that the adverse reactions seen in children are similar in nature and extent to those both expected and reported in adults. clinical studies of epinephrine for the treatment of hypotension associated with septic shock did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. clinical studies for the treatment of anaphylaxis have not been performed in subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. however, other reported clinical experience with use of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis has identified that geriatric patients may be particularly sensitive to the effects of epinephrine. therefore, for the treatment of anaphylaxis, consider starting with a lower dose to take into account potential concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

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international medication systems, limited - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection usp, 1 mg/10 ml (0.1 mg/ml) is indicated to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock. none. limited published data on epinephrine use in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine a drug-associated risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. however, there are risks to the mother and fetus associated with epinephrine use during labor or delivery, and risks due to untreated hypotension associated with septic shock (see clinical considerations) . in animal reproduction studies, epinephrine demostrated adverse developmental effects when administed to pregnant rabbits (gastroschisis), mice (teratogenie effects, embryonic lethality, and delayed skeletal ossification), and hamsters (embryonic lethality and delayed skeletal ossification) during organogenesis at doses approximately 15 times, 3 times and 2 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (see data). the estimated background ris

ארצות הברית - אנגלית - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

long grove pharmaceuticals, llc - norepinephrine bitartrate (unii: ify5pe3zrw) (norepinephrine - unii:x4w3enh1cv) - norepinephrine in sodium chloride injection is indicated to raise blood pressure in adult patients with severe, acute hypotension. none. risk summary limited published data consisting of a small number of case reports and multiple small trials involving the use of norepinephrine in pregnant women at the time of delivery have not identified an increased risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. there are risks to the mother and fetus from hypotension associated with septic shock, myocardial infarction and stroke which are medical emergencies in pregnancy and can be fatal if left untreated (see clinical considerations) . in animal reproduction studies, using high doses of intravenous norepinephrine resulted in lowered maternal placental blood flow. clinical relevance to changes in the human fetus is unknown since the average maintenance dose is ten times lower (see data) . increased fetal reabsorptions were observed in pregnant hamsters after receiving daily injections at approximately 2 times the maximum recommended dose on a mg/m2 basis for four days during organogenesis (see data) . the estimated background risk for major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk hypotension associated with septic shock, myocardial infarction, and stroke are medical emergencies in pregnancy which can be fatal if left untreated. delaying treatment in pregnant women with hypotension associated with septic shock, myocardial infarction and stroke may increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. life-sustaining therapy for the pregnant woman should not be withheld due to potential concerns regarding the effects of norepinephrine on the fetus. data animal data a study in pregnant sheep receiving high doses of intravenous norepinephrine (40 mcg/min, at approximately 10 times the average maintenance dose of 2-4 mcg/min in human, on a mg/kg basis) exhibited a significant decrease in maternal placental blood flow. decreases in fetal oxygenation, urine and lung liquid flow were also observed. norepinephrine administration to pregnant rats on gestation day 16 or 17 resulted in cataract production in rat fetuses. in hamsters, an increased number of resorptions (29.1% in study group vs. 3.4% in control group), fetal microscopic liver abnormalities and delayed skeletal ossification were observed at approximately 2 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day from gestation day 7-10). risk summary there are no data on the presence of norepinephrine in either human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. clinically relevant exposure to the infant is not expected based on the short half-life and poor oral bioavailability of norepinephrine. safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. clinical studies of norepinephrine in sodium chloride injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. avoid administration of norepinephrine in sodium chloride injection into the veins in the leg in elderly patients [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] .

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valesco pharmaceuticals llc. - epinephrine hydrochloride (unii: wbb047oo38) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - in general, the most common uses of epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics. its cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes, but it is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock. epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. it is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics (see c

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medical purchasing solutions, llc - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants), and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media), and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, r

ארצות הברית - אנגלית - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

medical purchasing solutions, llc - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants), and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media), and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, r

ארצות הברית - אנגלית - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

a-s medication solutions - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants), and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media), and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. epinephrine injection is intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, rashes, urticaria, or angioedema. epinephrine injection is intended for immediate administration as emergency supportive therapy only and is not a replacement or substitute for immediate medical care. none. risk summary there are no available human data on the use of epinephrine injection in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. in animal reproduction studies, epinephrine administered by the subcutaneous route to rabbits, mice, and hamsters during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic at doses 7 times and higher than the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose on a mg/m2 basis (see data ). epinephrine is the first-line medication of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis during pregnancy in humans. epinephrine should be used for treatment of anaphylaxis during pregnancy in the same manner as it is used in non-pregnant patients. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and embryo/fetal risk: during pregnancy, anaphylaxis can be catastrophic and can lead to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and permanent central nervous system damage or death in the mother and, more commonly, in the fetus or neonate.  the prevalence of anaphylaxis occurring during pregnancy is reported to be approximately 3 cases per 100,000 deliveries. management of anaphylaxis during pregnancy is similar to management in the general population.  epinephrine is the first line-medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner in pregnant and non-pregnant patients.  in conjunction with the administration of epinephrine, the patient should seek immediate medical or hospital care. data animal data in an embryofetal development study with rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic (including gastroschisis and embryonic lethality) at doses approximately 40 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days). in an embryofetal development study with mice dosed during the period of organogenesis, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic (including embryonic lethality) at doses approximately 8 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2 basis at maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days). these effects were not seen in mice at approximately 4 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2 basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days). in an embryofetal development study with hamsters dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 10, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic at doses approximately 7 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day). risk summary there are no data on the presence of epinephrine in human milk, or the effects of epinephrine on the breastfed infant or on milk production. epinephrine is the first line-medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner in breastfeeding and no-breastfeeding patients. epinephrine injection may be administered to pediatric patients at a dosage appropriate to body weight [see dosage and administration (2.1)] . clinical experience with the use of epinephrine suggests that the adverse reactions seen in children are similar in nature and extent to those both expected and reported in adults. since the dose of epinephrine delivered from epinephrine injection is fixed, consider using other forms of injectable epinephrine if doses lower than 0.15 mg are deemed necessary. clinical studies for the treatment of anaphylaxis have not been performed in subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. however, other reported clinical experience with use of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis has identified that geriatric patients may be particularly sensitive to the effects of epinephrine. therefore, epinephrine injection should be administered with caution in elderly individuals, who may be at greater risk for developing adverse reactions after epinephrine administration [see warnings and precautions (5.5) and overdosage (10)] . epinephrine injection (ep-in-eph-rine) for intramuscular or subcutaneous use for allergic emergencies (anaphylaxis) read this instructions for use carefully before you use epinephrine injection and each time you get a refill. there may be new information. before you need to use your epinephrine injection, make sure your healthcare provider shows you the right way to use it. parents, caregivers, and others who may be in a position to administer epinephrine injection should also understand how to use it well. this information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment. if you have any questions, ask your healthcare provider.  your epinephrine injection         step 1. prepare epinephrine injection for injection - remove epinephrine injection from its protective carrying case. - pull off blue end caps . you will now see a red tip. grasp the epinephrine injection in your fist with the red tip pointing downward. see figure a . note: - the needle comes out of the red tip. - to avoid an accidental injection, never put your thumb, fingers, or hand over the red tip. if an accidental injection happens, get medical help right away. step 2. administer epinephrine injection - if you are administering epinephrine injection to a young child, hold the leg firmly in place and limit movement prior to and while administering an injection. - put the red tip against the middle of the outer thigh (upper leg) at a 90° angle (perpendicular) to the thigh. - press down hard and hold firmly against the thigh for approximately 10 seconds to deliver the medicine. see figure b.   - only inject into the middle of the outer thigh. do not inject into any other part of the body. - remove epinephrine injection from the thigh. - massage the area for 10 seconds. - check the red tip. the injection is complete and you have received the correct dose of the medicine if you see the needle sticking out of the red tip. if you do not see the needle repeat step 2. step 3. get emergency medical help right away. you may need further medical attention. you may need to use a second epinephrine injection if symptoms continue or recur. step 4. after use disposal carefully cover the needle with the carrying case. - lay the labeled half of the carrying case cover down on a flat surface. use one hand to carefully slide the end of the epinephrine injection needle first, into the labeled carrying case cover. see figure c. - after the needle is inside the labeled cover, push the unlabeled half of the carrying case cover firmly over the non-needle end of the epinephrine injection . see figure d.   - take your used epinephrine injection with you when you go to see a healthcare provider. - tell the healthcare provider that you have received an injection of epinephrine. show the healthcare provider where you received the injection. - give your used epinephrine injection to the healthcare provider for inspection and proper disposal. - ask for a refill, if needed. note: - epinephrine injection is a single-use injectable device that delivers a fixed dose of epinephrine. epinephrine injection cannot be reused. do not attempt to reuse epinephrine injection after the device has been activated. it is normal for most of the medicine to remain in the auto-injector after the dose is injected. the correct dose has been administered if you see the needle sticking out of the red tip. - a separate epinephrine injection trainer is available. the epinephrine injection trainer has a beige color. the beige epinephrine injection trainer contains no medicine and no needle. practice with your epinephrine injection trainer, but always carry your real epinephrine injection in case of an allergic emergency. - if you will be administering epinephrine injection to a young child, ask your healthcare provider to show you how to properly hold the leg in place while administering a dose. - do not try to take epinephrine injection. for more information and video instructions on the use of epinephrine injection, go to www.epinephrineautoinject.com or call 1-877-835-5472. this patient information and instructions for use has been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. © 2021 amneal pharmaceuticals llc. all rights reserved. manufactured by: hospira, inc. mcpherson, ks 67460 distributed by: amneal  pharmaceuticals llc bridgewater, nj 08807 1872-03 revised 02-2021-03

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general injectables and vaccines, inc. - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - 1.1 hypotension associated with septic shock epinephrine injection usp, 1 mg/ml is indicated to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock. 1.2 anaphylaxis emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i), including anaphylaxis, which may result from allergic reactions to insect stings, biting insects, foods, drugs, sera, diagnostic testing substances and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. the signs and symptoms associated with anaphylaxis include flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with hypotension, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, airway swelling, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, pruritus, urticaria or angioedema, swelling of the eyelids, lips, and tongue. 1.3 induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery. none. 8.1 pregnancy ri

ארצות הברית - אנגלית - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

teva pharmaceuticals usa, inc. - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection, 0.3 mg and epinephrine injection, 0.15 mg are indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order hymenoptera, which include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants) and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media) and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. epinephrine injection, 0.3 mg and epinephrine injection, 0.15 mg are intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezi

ארצות הברית - אנגלית - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

sina health inc - epinephrine (unii: ykh834o4bh) (epinephrine - unii:ykh834o4bh) - epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (type i) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants), and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media), and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. epinephrine injection, usp auto-injector is intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, r